It has been shown that the primary auditory cortex is tonotopically tuned, with high frequencies being represented more medially and low frequencies more laterally. The auditory association cortex is also known as area A2 and corresponds to Brodmann areas 22 and 42. The primary auditory cortex is located on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (Heschl gyrus) this is also known as area A1, which corresponds to Brodmann area 41. Two major centers for auditory processing in this region are the primary auditory cortex and the association auditory cortex. The main auditory portion of the cerebral cortex resides in the temporal lobe, close to the sylvian fissure. Flint MD, FACS, in Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 2021 Auditory Cortex Inferior parietal and premotor cortices are all part of this dorsal stream network. As such, it is involved in functions of sentence comprehension, silent speech, and processing of musical sequences. The dorsal stream is involved in the processing of auditory space and motion and is generally considered an audiomotor pathway for sensorimotor integration and control. The ventral stream underlies auditory pattern and object recognition, including the decoding of speech sounds at the level of phonemes, words, and short phrases. The belt areas give rise to two major pathways, one that is anteroventrally directed and projects to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and another that is posterodorsally directed and projects to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The three subdivisions can also be distinguished functionally: Neurons in the core show primary-like responses with narrow tuning to tone frequency, belt neurons respond best to band-passed noise of a specific frequency and bandwidth, and PB neurons respond to increasingly complex sounds. Rauschecker, in Brain Mapping, 2015 AbstractĪuditory cortex in the superior temporal lobe consists of three major subdivisions, which are apparent cytoarchitectonically and histochemically: core, belt (which surrounds the core), and parabelt (PB), all of which contain several subfields. In addition, functional imaging studies suggest that the angular gyrus may play a role in tinnitus perception. Higher orders of language integration, as in reading and writing, may also occur in these areas. These cortical regions integrate auditory, somatosensory, and visual information. Just posterior to area 22, in the inferior parietal lobe, are the angular and supramarginal gyri (areas 39 and 40). The enlarged left planum temporale has been thought to be a uniquely human condition, but more recent evidence shows that the structural basis for this human trait is also present in apes. Classically this region has been viewed as a neural substrate for receptive language and is dominant on the left side in most humans. The posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus and the deeper planum temporale are known as the Wernicke area (left side), or area 22. Numerous cortical association areas surround the primary auditory cortex.
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